2015年，咖啡科学信息学院对来自英国、德国、意大利、西班牙、丹麦、荷兰和芬兰超过2800名欧洲成年人的调查确定，有关饮食和生活方式因素在2型糖尿病风险方面作用的迷思和误解。这项调查还探讨了消费者对咖啡潜在的健康益处的认识。

 

 

在患2型糖尿病风险方面，有关饮食的作用存在一些混淆，许多人认为高碳水化合物的摄入会导致糖尿病，更相信高糖食品会引发糖尿病。

 

·超过80%的丹麦、芬兰和意大利，以及超过70%的英国和荷兰的被调查者认为，含糖食品是一个危险因素。然而，英国科学顾问委员会2015年出版的最新报告证实，含糖饮料与2型糖尿病风险之间存在关联，而不是含糖食品。

 

·来自德国、意大利、西班牙和荷兰的70%-80%的受访者相信含糖饮料与2型糖尿病风险相关，这一比例在英国人中下降到少于70%，而在英国18-24岁年轻人中这一比例不到30%。

 

·被调查的7个国家中，超过一半(58%)的人认为，他们应该降低饱和脂肪的摄入，尽管这不是患2型糖尿病的一个特定风险因素。相反，10%的芬兰人会增加饱和脂肪的摄入量。

 

·被调查的7个国家中，55%的人会减少钠的摄入量，来降低患2型糖尿病的风险，尽管这也不是一个特定的风险因素。

 

虽然认识到超重是2型糖尿病的主要风险因素，但是许多人对体重指数感到困惑。

 

·当被问及超重与糖尿病风险时，80%来自意大利、西班牙、荷兰和英国，90%来自丹麦、德国，95%来自荷兰受访者以及100%的西班牙年轻人都明白，超重是一个关键的风险因素。

 

·来自丹麦、德国、芬兰、荷兰的64%受访者，以及来自英国56%的受访者认为高体重指数是一个关键的风险因素。

 

好消息是，一些饮食和生活方式的信息得到大家的共识。

 

·87%的受访人群认为，超重会增加患2型糖尿病的风险

 

·7个国家的受访者中60%的人都知道，缺乏体育锻炼会增加患2型糖尿病的风险。

 

但是欧洲人所了解的，他们应当做什么以及他们做了什么来降低患2型糖尿病风险因素之间存在很大差异。

 

·当被问及他们认为以下哪些生活方式增加患2型糖尿病风险时，87%的被调查者都知道超重会增加患病风险，但是只有60%的人在被诊断出糖尿病时才会减肥。

 

·72%的受访者认为不健康饮食会增加2型糖尿病风险，但只有57%的英国人在被诊断出患病后才会改善他们的饮食。

 

这项研究将对2型糖尿病有关的饮食和生活方式因素了解情况，对被调查的7个国家进行了排名。芬兰分数最高，其次分别是意大利、丹麦、德国、西班牙和荷兰。英国表现最差，简直差到令人无法容忍。

 

荷兰瓦赫宁根大学人类营养学系Edith Feskens教授评论说：“目前欧洲人口中有7%的人患有糖尿病，这意味着我们有6千万患者。还有大概相同数量的人处于糖尿病前期，在未来的几十年里这些数字还会增长。生活方式的干预，如健康饮食和锻炼身体，能够降低患糖尿病的风险，这些措施应该得到广泛的实施。”

 

越来越多的证据表明，相比与每天喝咖啡少于两杯的人，每天喝三到四倍咖啡，患2型糖尿病的风险大约会降低25%。咖啡研究所的研究还揭示出整个欧洲在健康意识方法的差距。总体排名较高的芬兰人，最了解咖啡与2型糖尿病相关的健康益处，紧随其后的分别是意大利、丹麦、荷兰、德国和西班牙。这一次，英国人的表现依然最差。

 

主要调查结论：

 

虽然欧洲人非常喜欢喝咖啡，每天大约消费7.25亿杯，但是许多人并不熟悉这项研究背后有关咖啡豆潜在的健康益处。

 

在7个国家的受访者中，超过四分之一(28%)的受访者认为，咖啡没有益处。45-55这个年龄段的人最了解，有30%的认为咖啡有益于健康。芬兰人的比例最高，有40%的人熟悉咖啡和健康之间的联系。

 

消费者对于饮用咖啡和2型糖尿病之间关系的认知，在欧洲各国之前也有显著不同。

 

·在被调查的7个市场中，有31%的受访者认为，适量饮用咖啡对于增加或降低2型糖尿病风险都不起作用。

 

·85%的受访者根本不知道大量研究表明，适量饮用咖啡可以降低患2型糖尿病的风险、

 

·7个市场中8%的受访者更愿意增加茶的消费量而不是咖啡，来降低患2型糖尿病的风险。

 

Diabetes dilemma: Most Europeans unsure how to reduce type 2 diabetes risk, research finds

 

Despite greater access to health information than ever before, new research illustrates many people remain confused about diet and lifestyle messages related to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The research also revealed health awareness in relation to type 2 diabetes varies considerably across Europe and identified a significant gap between what Europeans know they should do to reduce their risk, and what they actually manage to achieve.

 

The 2015 research, conducted by the Institute for Scientific Information on Coffee (ISIC) surveyed over 2,800 European adults across the UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Netherlands and Finland to identify the myths and misconceptions regarding the role of diet and lifestyle factors in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It also explored consumer awareness of the potential health benefits of coffee.

 

Key findings:

 

There is confusion about the role of diet in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, with many believing that a high total carbohydrate intake causes diabetes, and more believing high sugar foods cause diabetes

 

· More than 80% of those in Denmark, Finland and Italy and 70% in the UK and the Netherlands believe that sugary foods are a risk factor. However, the latest report from the UK's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition1 published in 2015 only confirmed an association between sugary drinks and risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but not sugar in foods.

 

· 70 - 80 % of respondents in Finland, Germany, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands believe that sugary drinks are associated with a risk of type 2 diabetes this falls to less than 70% UK adults, and less than 30% of 18-24 year olds in the UK.

 

· Of the 7 nations polled, more than half (58%) agreed they would reduce their saturated fat intake despite this not being a specific risk factor associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Conversely, 10% of Finns would increase their intake.

 

· Of the 7 nations polled, 55% would reduce their sodium intake to lower their risk of developing type 2 diabetes, despite this not being a specific risk factor.

 

There's an awareness that being overweight is a main risk factor for type 2 diabetes, however many found BMI confusing

 

· When asked about risks associated with being overweight, 80% of those in Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and the UK, 90% of those in Denmark, and Germany and 95% of those in Finland and 100% of young adults in Spain understand that being overweight is a key risk factor.

 

· However, 64% of respondents in Denmark, Germany, Finland and The Netherlands, and 56 % of those from the UK saw a high BMI as a key risk factor.

 

The good news is that some dietary and lifestyle messages seem to be getting through

 

· 87% of people polled believe that being overweight can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

 

· Almost 60% of respondents across the 7 countries are aware that physical inactivity can increase the risk.

 

But there's significant differences between what Europeans know they should do and what they do to lower theirrisk factors for Type 2 Diabetes

 

· When asked which of the following lifestyle factors they believe can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes 87% of those polled know that being overweight increase the risk of type 2 diabetes but only 60% would lose weight if diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

 

· 72% of respondents believe that having an unhealthy diet increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, but only 57% of Brits would improve their diet if diagnosed with type 2 diabetes

 

The research also ranked the 7 European countries from the most to least informed about diet and lifestyle factors related to type 2 diabetes risk reduction. Finland came out top, followed by Italy, Denmark, Germany, Spain and the Netherlands respectively. The UK fared worst coming at the bottom of the table.

 

Prof. Edith Feskens, Chair Nutrition and Health over the Lifecourse, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, commented: "Currently 7 percent of the European population suffers from diabetes, which means we now have 60 million patients. A similar amount of people have prediabetes, and these numbers are expected to increase during the next decades. Lifestyle interventions focusing on healthy diet and physical activity are able to reduce diabetes risk, and these should be implemented widely."

 

A growing body of evidence indicates that drinking three to four cups of coffee per day is associated with an approximate 25% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, compared to consuming none to less than two cups per day 3,4. Again, ISIC's research revealed a disparity in awareness across Europe. In line with the overall ranking Finland was best informed about the potential health benefits of coffee in relation to type 2 diabetes, followed by Italy, Denmark, the Netherlands Germany and Spain respectively. Again, the UK fared worst coming at the bottom of the table:

 

Key findings:

 

Whilst Europeans enjoy drinking coffee, consuming over 725 million cups of coffee a day, many are not familiar with the research behind the potential health effects of the coffee bean

 

Across the 7 countries polled, more than a quarter (28%) of respondents believe that coffee had no beneficial properties. 45-55 year olds were most clued up, with 30% agreeing coffee could benefit health, and Finnish adults came out top with 40% familiar the associations between coffee and health.

 

Consumer awareness of the associations between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes varies considerably across Europe

 

· Across the 7 markets polled, 31% of respondents believed that consuming coffee in moderation plays no part in increasing or decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

 

· 85% of respondents polled were not aware that a number of studies have shown that drinking coffee in moderation may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

 

· 8% of respondents polled across the 7 markets were more likely to increase their consumption of tea thancoffee to actively lower their risk of getting type 2 diabetes